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Justice Minister Charles Doherty (right) authored the War Measures Act in 1914. He is pictured with General David Watson in Belgium in 1919.
Library and Archives Canada
Soldiers receive mail from home. The letters they wrote back were censored.
Library and Archives Canada
Soldiers read the Canadian Daily Record, a government-issued newspaper published to keep up morale.
Library and Archives Canada
Christmas at an internment camp during the First World War. Internment of "enemy aliens" was not widely publicized.
Library and Archives Canada
Women and children at an internment camp in Quebec circa 1914-20. Internment of "enemy aliens" took place under the War Measures Act.
Library and Archives Canada

It’s said that the first casualty of war is the truth. This was certainly the case in Canada during the First World War. The War Measures Act was drawn up around the time the war was declared. The act allowed for censorship of newspapers and all forms of correspondence. The legislation also permitted authorities to round up people who were considered enemy aliens and intern them in remote camps — a situation that went largely unreported in the press.

Propaganda posters that glorified the sacrifices made for “king and country” were designed to encourage enlistment.

Eventually, however, it became hard to hide the reality of the massive numbers of men who were losing their lives in the trenches.

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For more on this topic, read “The War on Truth” by Jeffrey A. Keshen in the August-September issue of Canada’s History magazine.